JECFA specifications for food additives other than enzymes and flavouring agents normally include the headings listed below, which are given in the order in which they appear in the specifications. Note also that aluminium lakes of colouring matters must comply with the Aluminium Lakes of Colouring Matters - General Specifications included in Volume 1 of the Compendium.

Plastics are now being used on a large scale for the packaging of fatty and aqueous foodstuffs and beverages, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic. This is evident for all to see on the supermarket shelves, margarine is packed in polystyrene tubs, beer is packed in PVC bottles and meats and bacon in shrink-wrap film. Foods are also increasingly being shipped in bulk, in plastic containers. Additionally, there is the area of use of plastics utensils, containers and processing equipment in the home and during bulk preparation of food in producing factories, at home and in restaurants and canteens.

Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing deals with various aspects of joining materials to form parts. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an automated technique for direct conversion of 3D CAD data into physical objects using a variety of approaches. Manufacturers have been using these technologies in order to reduce development cycle times and get their products to the market quicker, more cost effectively, and with added value due to the incorporation of customizable features.

Since some food additives have been shown to be harmful to certain individuals, a common perception now is that all food additives are potentially dangerous. This had led to a large market for products making minimal use of additives. Tight regulatory control and labelling requirements provide further impetus for the development of these products. This book provides an authoritative and comprehensive review of the industrially important advances in the technology that allow food products to be manufactured with fewer of the additives that have been traditionally used. Also, many new natural and harmless ingredients and additives are becoming available. These are also covered to enable new product concepts to be considered.

Twelve peer-reviewed papers focus on both the chemical and tribological aspects of automotive lubricant testing and additive development. In order to help the automotive industry meet lower emission standards, higher fuel economy goals, and longer drain intervals associated with a minimization of any adverse environmental effects, the petroleum industries and the additive suppliers are developing low SAPS (sulfated ash, phosphorus, and sulfur) and high tribological performance lubricants to meet these challenges.